Ordinary differential equations (ODEs) are also called initial value problems because a time zero value for each first-order differential equation is needed. The following is an example of a ...
Boundary value problems (BVPs) and spectral analysis constitute fundamental areas in the study of differential equations. These topics not only underpin theoretical advances in mathematical analysis ...
Inverse problems in fractional differential equations encompass the challenging task of deducing unknown parameters, source terms or initial conditions from observed data in systems governed by ...
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