Inverse problems in the context of elliptic equations and boundary value problems represent a critical area of mathematical analysis with wide-ranging applications in imaging, geophysics, and medical ...

Difference equations, as discrete analogues of differential equations, form a fundamental mathematical framework for describing systems that evolve incrementally over time or space. Coupled with ...

Reviews ordinary differential equations, including solutions by Fourier series. Physical derivation of the classical linear partial differential equations (heat, wave, and Laplace equations). Solution ...

The method of least squares is used to construct approximate solutions to the boundary value problem $\tau f = g_0, B_i(f) = 0$ for $i = 1,\ldots, k$, on the interval ...