Background: Orthodontic treatment was found to have an impact on the quantity and constitution of subgingival microbiota. However, contradictory findings regarding the effects of fixed appliances on ...

Data sources Sources were Medline and the Cochrane Oral Health Group Specialist Register up to April 2001. Only English-language studies were included. Study selection Controlled trials and ...

The clinical objective was to restore the tooth while performing a gingivectomy to access and remove the substantial subgingival decay. A clean apical margin also was needed to achieve proper ...

Background: Cigarette smoking is known to increase the risk of periodontal destruction and developing chronic periodontitis (CP). It is also reported to affect the subgingival bacterial profile among ...