The Ca 2+ levels, released by agonist-induced activity of phospholipase C, determine which contractile pathway is activated. In the following subsections we discuss in some detail some of the steps ...

A Richmond biotech company recently took a step forward with the first human implantation of its product. Cellf Bio makes a bioengineered sphincter muscle. The treatment helps patients with fecal ...

Regurgitation is when the contents from your esophagus (the tube that brings food from your mouth to your stomach) or stomach come back up into your throat or mouth. Your lower esophageal sphincter ...