Background Back extension exercises are often used in the rehabilitation of low back pain. However, at present it is not clear how the posterior muscles are recruited during different types of ...

Various theories exist regarding the mechanisms of stiff shoulder (SS). Potential etiological factors are adhesive capsulitis, [1] decreased capsular volume, [2,3] capsular contractions, [4] rotator ...

Ice can help reduce swelling in posterior tibial tendonitis. Anti-inflammatory medications can reduce inflammation around the tendon. Orthotics and physical therapy are important early treatments.