The additive conditions of this table help the user/specifier determine where the concrete is to be placed in relationship to the exposure of the two primary conditions, freeze-thaw cycles and ...

As the fire service has evolved, so have our tools to deliver the primary extinguishing agent, water, to the seat of the fire. What was once delivered with a smooth-bore nozzle can now be applied in ...

The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine are private, nonprofit institutions that provide expert advice on some of the most pressing challenges facing the nation and world. Our ...

Understanding the fundamentals of hose stream mechanics is vital to the success of fire suppression operations on the fireground. This includes understanding: when and how to utilize air entrainment ...

BASF Corp., Cleveland, recently previewed a new liquid admixture it claims eliminates the need for air-entrained concrete, a material used in regions exposed to freeze-thaw cycles. Touted as ...

AIR is often entrained naturally by flowing water—for example, in the plunging waters of mountain streams, waterfalls, bores, breakers, hydraulic jumps and subterranean siphons—and, in these and ...