Far below the ocean’s surface, a hidden circulation system quietly shapes life on Earth. Dense “deep ocean water” formed in ...

Research suggests that Mars may strongly influence these cycles. For example, Mars helps drive a 2.4‑million‑year cycle ...

Researchers find that shifts in Earth’s orbit can trigger abrupt climate changes, even in warm periods without ice sheets.

Around 55 million years ago, Earth experienced one of the warmest climates in its history. This period, known as the early ...

The view of Earth from space is famously familiar—bright blue ocean, swirling gyres of white clouds, touches of terrestrial green. The luminosity of this image is the result of the sun’s rays shining ...