The importance of aryl sulfides in biologically active compounds has led chemists to develop methods to synthesize them from carbon-sulfur bond forming reactions. The conventional reaction, however, ...

Biochemists may soon find themselves reaching for palladium reagents—chemicals once thought to be exclusively used in organic synthesis—to couple small molecules, such as drugs, onto proteins.

Coupling reactions are often used to make complex small-molecule drug candidates. But they can be difficult to carry out when starting materials are available in only tiny quantities, as is often the ...

Esters are usually synthesized from an alcohol and an acid, most frequently, a carboxylic acid. In some cases, an epoxide is used instead of the alcohol; or an acid halide or anhydride replaces the ...